Anãs IV
Novembro 29, 2004 às 5:16 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentário
Red dwarfs are only massive enough to fuse hydrogen into helium. They will never fuse heavier elements, so the core of helium will simply grow larger as the star gets older. At the end of their lives, a low mass helium core white dwarf will result -the degenerate remains of the red dwarf star’s core. It becomes degenerate because no other source of outward pressure is available – the helium is not hot enough to fuse. In single stars, this process takes many tens of billions of years, so the process in still ongoing. In binary stars, transfer of mass between the two stars can speed the evolution -and we do see helium core white dwarf stars in binarysystems.
Brown dwarfs remain brown dwarfs forever — they just slowly cool overtime. Travis; High Altitude Observatory
Yes, the red dwarfs one day become red giants. Red dwarfs are small cool stars, when they run out of hydrogen in the core they will expand as Sun like stars do and presumably become redder giants (i.e. they will be cooler, redder red giants than Sun like stars). The details of exactly how stars go through the red giant phase does depend on their mass, so there are likely to be some differences between what happens to Sun-like stars and red dwarfs. I don’t know what the details are, though I think that it is likely that they would form planetary nebulae. The remaining core will be much less luminous than the bigger stars though and so the nebulae itself would probably be less spectacular in optical light.
Simon Ellingsen : Lecturer in Physics/Radio Astronomy, University of Tasmania
No, red dwarfs do not become white dwarfs. However, red *giants* do. Stars like the Sun (and more massive) will go through the stage of beinga red giant before becoming a white dwarf. Red dwarfs have very very VERY long lifetimes, so in fact the oldest red dwarfs are still red dwarfs. 100 billion year lifetimes are the standard. In the long run, they’ll just run out of hydrogen in the core and cool off to become balls of hydrogen and helium that don’t emit anything beyond a little infrared radiation.
Brown dwarfs are fairly similar, in some sense, to red dwarfs except that they’ve never been a star (meaning they never burned hydrogen). So they just get cooler with time.
The friendly wwwastro person; New Mexico University
Uma boa descoberta
Novembro 29, 2004 às 4:00 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentário
E depois de 2006?
Novembro 29, 2004 às 3:58 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentárioAnãs III
Novembro 27, 2004 às 5:12 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentárioFrom what i recall about models of these stars, the just sort of fizzledown to wd’s without becoming red giants, and will not make planetary nebulae. There is even some debate about whether the sun is massive enough to make one. We still don’t know as the theory of stellar winds is still not very good.
Anãs II
Novembro 26, 2004 às 8:40 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentário
A red dwarf is a small star on the main sequence, either late K or M spectral type. They have a diameter and mass of less than one-third that of the Sun (down to 0.08 solar masses, which are Brown dwarfs) and a surface temperature of less than 3,500 K. They emit little light, sometimes as little as 1/10,000th that of the sun. Due to the slow rate at which they burn hydrogen red dwarfs have a enormous lifespan, estimates range from a tens of billions up to trillions of years. Red dwarfs never initiate helium fusion and so cannot become red giants, the stars slowly contract and heat up until all the hydrogen is consumed. In any event, there has not been sufficient time since the big bang for red dwarfs to evolve off the main sequence. Red dwarf stars are believed to be the most common star type in the universe. Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun is a red dwarf, (Type M5, magnitude 11.0) as are twenty of the next thirty nearest.
Anãs
Novembro 26, 2004 às 7:46 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentárioLow mass stars like red dwarfs and the even lower mass brown dwarfs just fizzle out at the end of their lives, and don’t leave a white dwarf, just a rather dark corpse. It takes a more massive stars to leave a white dwarf, neutron stars and eventually black holes.
Geraint Lewis; Dept. de Física da Universidade de Sydney
It is thought that all stars except for the large mass ones will end their lives as white dwarfs. The lives of red dwarfs are so long that almost none of them have yet turned into white dwarfs. A 0.5 solar mass red dwarf is calculated to have a life of 56 billion years before it turned into a white dwarf, much longer than the currently accepted age of the universe!
A brown dwarf would not turn into a white dwarf because it would not have the mass or density to produce a planetary nebula and become degenerate. Brown dwarfs would just slowly cool into something like a massive Jupiter type planet. The exact mass limit between a brown dwarf and red dwarf is uncertain, but below about 0.08 solar mass, the fusion of H to He cannot occur.
James G. Hill, Rainwater Observatory & Planetarium
Yes, red dwarf’s will end their life as a white dwarf. Any star which is big enough to have hydrogen fusion in the core (i.e. bigger than a brown dwarf), but not big enough to undergo a supernovae (i.e. less than about 5-8 times the mass of the Sun) will end as a white dwarf. A star on the main sequence (burning hydrogen in the core) is in balance between the force of gravity trying to compress it and the radiation pressure due to the fusion in the core. When the star runs out of fuel (the details of which are quite complex) there is no longer radiation pressure to fight of gravity and the star contracts. What eventually stops it is something called electron degeneracy pressure. Basically the Pauli exclusion principle limits how close two electrons in the same quantum state can be to each other. So this is the fate of all small stars, although for the very small stars the evolutionary process takes a very long time and the Universe is not old enough for them to have become white dwarfs.
And in the case of brown dwarfs? Do they end in something?
I don’t know much about brown dwarfs (so this is my best guess, not hard facts). I think that the answer is no, a brown dwarf is too small to have nuclear fusion in the core and so it can’t evolve the way a normal star does. I guess that over time they must get colder, but I think that they remain small clumps of dense gas which gradually cool over time.
Simon Ellingsen University of Tasmania
Red dwarfs should end as degenerate white dwarfs as i suspect would the more massive brown dwarfs. I am not sure about the lower mass brown dwarfs though, and would have to dig into the literatrure on that. It has of course not yet happened, as the main sequence as the time scales are too long. But i do want to look into this more.
Jim Kaler University of Illinois
Em Aveiro
Novembro 26, 2004 às 7:40 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentárioFinalmente
Novembro 25, 2004 às 3:43 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentárioA Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) anunciou ainda a abertura de um concurso para a criação de conteúdos de divulgação científica. Destina-se a apoiar desde exposições, livros, colóquios até programas de televisão e rádio, explicou Graça Carvalho. “Está aberto a toda a sociedade. Podem concorrer universidades, empresas, organizações não governamentais.” Até 2006, haverá 35 milhões de euros para a divulgação científica, no âmbito da reformulação do Programa Operacional para a Ciência e a Inovação.
Tudo isto são boas notícias para a divulgação científica. As coisas voltam finalmente à normalidade.
Odisseia Espacial
Novembro 22, 2004 às 7:23 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentárioSemana da Ciência
Novembro 21, 2004 às 6:52 pm | Publicado em Astronomia | Deixe um comentário
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